Its not all bad as i have experience with plotters and want to build my CNC table soon and its all interchangeable (in parts) you do need to learn new software.I've never used 0.4 layer, Cura warns me against using a layer as big as nozzle.
Raft should normally cover the unsupported printed area? Unless you are hugely out of level a raft should solve your levelling problems.
On the whole I think you're reading lots of ways to solve problems that should not need solving out of the box with these printers which must be frustrating.
The newer cura did not give me favourable results so because I have not found a need for any of those new features yet I just went back to the cura that the printer setup guide showed me how to setup for the printer, because my aim is to make stuff not become an A8 or Cura expert.
I'm just using green frog tape on the heatbed, levelled with A4, no nozzle offsets. No X or Y offsets as I printed switch mounts to do that
Only time I had an adhesion problem was printing small footprint items with no brim after going from the manufacturer's original bed tape which was awesome and I cannot find (according to my mate a common new A8 owner forum issue).
Hope you find some solutions that work soon.
Its the fist time i ever used a raft and a lot of support has been removed but the top photo actually came of the raft at the bottom. I tried using a thicker layer height to speed up the print bit unlike you i am learning.more so than printing parts as i cant ever see me making money from such a slow process...lol